Just read an awesome post on learnguitarnow.com’s blog about the 5 mistakes made by beginner guitarists by John W. Truggle.
His 5 points were:
1. They don’t practice with a metronome.
2. They don’t play on the tips of their fingers.
3. They try to play too fast.
4. They don’t practice what they can’t play.
5. They don’t play in front of people.
I touched on a few of these in my learning to shred is like working out post, just not as detailed.
In my basic guitar theory lesson 2, we learned the pattern that every major scale was based on (remember the WWHWWWH), and in lesson 3 we learned that the 6th note of the scale was the relative minor. Knowing this, we have a new pattern for our minor scale. Before, the C scale (CDEFGABC) had the first formula applied to it. Now that we know that A minor is the relative minor of the C scale (6th note in the C scale), there is a new formula for the A natural minor scale (ABCDEFGA) is – WHWWHWW.
We know that each note in the scale has a certain number value (also called degrees or intervals) assigned to them. Since there are three types of minor scales—natural, melodic, and harmonic—the thing that makes them different are their intervals. The natural minor scale degrees compared to the major (C Natural Minor compared to C Major) would be
C Major: C D E F G A B C
Intervals: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C Natural Minor: C D Eb F Gb Ab B C
Intervals: 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 8
The natural minor has flattened 3rd, 6th and 7th notes compared to the major.
C Major: C D E F G A B C
Intervals: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C Harmonic Minor: C D Eb F G Ab B C
Intervals: 1 2 b3 4 5 b6 7 8
The harmonic minor has flattened 3rd and 6th notes.
C Major: C D E F G A B C
Intervals: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C Melodic Minor: C D Eb F G A B C
Intervals: 1 2 b3 4 5 6 7 8
The melodic minor has only a flattened 3rd note, however that is only when going up the scale. Going down the scale, the melodic minor is the same as the natural minor.
Here is the most common natural minor scale pattern that I use, the tonic notes filled in.
Each of the previously mentioned CAGED method chord shapes has a corresponding major scale pattern, that include all of the notes played in the different chord shapes.
The most common of these patterns is the fourth one, the root notes being the ones that are filled in. The root notes are where you start the scale, the key of the scale depending on the root note started on. Although the 4th pattern (E chord shape) is the most common, while the other patterns are helpful if the root note is not always on the low E string.
Scales are essentially what melody lines are created from. Try listening to your favourite songs and identifying which key it is in by which notes in the scale are used. Take the most familiar pattern (number 4) and try and find the key of the song. Looking at our first lessons, we can see that once you find the key, you can find which chords are in the song, and in no time flat you should be able to identify either the melody line, or the chord progression.
Practice some solo improvising using the notes in the scale patterns over its corresponding chord or a simple chord progression. Sometimes you can stay in the same scale pattern throughout a chord progression, while other times you might need to switch scale patterns to the corresponding chord.
The best way to practice these scales is just to play them over and over and over and over again. Work on hitting each note cleanly before ever trying to build up speed.
I had another lesson this week with my teacher, this time getting a little more in depth with some chord patterns. I learned that there are five different chord patterns that when shifted up and down the fretboard they become another chord. These different patterns allow you to keep lateral fretboard movement to a minimum, essentially maximizing your playing speed.
The five chord types are as follows: C chord pattern, A chord pattern, G chord pattern, E, and then D. Each of these chord patterns is either based on a root note on the low E or A string, which is why it was essential—as mentioned in previous lessons—to memorize the notes on those two strings. These chord patterns are often called the CAGED method, and are very helpful if you want to play either the same chords in different positions on the fretboard, or different chords in the same relative 4-fret region.
If we start off by taking our open C chord shape—where our root note (C) is on the A-string, 3rd fret—we can slide that same shape up our fretboard, and depending what note on the A-string we are on, that will determine the chord. However, when you slide the C chord shape up, you must barre the bottom 3 strings with your index finger and use the other ones to finger the C chord shape. So it would go from:
Open C chord shape
0
1
0
2
3
X
To
C#
1
2
1
3
4
X
And so on, all the way up the fretboard—the chord depending on which note on the A string you are on.
Moving on to the open A chord shape:
0
2
2
2
0
X
Which would shift up the fretboard to
A#
1
3
3
3
1
X
And so on, all the way up the fretboard—the chord depending on which note on the A string you are on.
The A chord shape is also known as your “powerchord” shape, where you only play the notes of the chord that are on the A,D,G strings.
The open G chord shape is:
3
0
0
0
2
3
And would shift up the fretboard to
G#
4
1
1
1
3
4
And so on, all the way up the fretboard—the chord depending on which note on the E string you are on. This shape is a tricky one to accomplish as you have to barre the middle strings while forming the G shape with your first, middle, and pinky finger.
The open E chord shape is
0
0
1
2
2
0
And would shift up the fretboard to
F
1
1
2
3
3
1
And so on, all the way up the fretboard—the chord depending on which note on the E string you are on. This chord shape is also known as a “barre” chord.
And finally, the D chord shape is
2
3
2
0
X
X
And would shift up the fretboard to
D#
3
4
3
(1)
X
X
This time, the root note depends on where you are playing on the D string, or also, the root note can be found two frets down, and on the low E string.
To practice these different chord shapes, I took a single chord, and tried to find the five positions on the fretboard to play it. When you know which chord shape you are in, the next shape moving up the fretboard is the next letter in our CAGED acronym.
For example, with the C chord. Starting with your open C chord, the next C chord up the fretboard would be the A shape. This A shape is two frets up from the first shape, the root note found on the 3rd fret on the A string. (This was also the same fret for our root note in our open C chord, and is the note that starts each chord shape.)
The next shape where the C chord is found on the fretboard would be the G shape, now using the low E string for finding the root note. This would be on the 8th fret of the low E string.
The next chord shape would be the E chord shape. Once again, the root note for the E chord shape is found on the low E string, and is actually the same root note as for the G shape—the 8th fret on the low E string.
The next shape is the D shape, which can be tricky to find. The D shape chord’s root note is based on the B string note. The root note on the B string is actually 5 frets higher than the root note on the low E string that was previously played in the E chord shape.
Once I knew and recognized how to play a C chord in all five positions, I moved on to another chord and learned the positions. Breaking it up into pieces helped me learn it easier, instead of trying to find all the different chords in all the positions at once.
No matter which chord position you are in, the C-A-G-E-D pattern is a continuous loop. This means that if you are playing a G chord in an E chord pattern, the next pattern up the fretboard would be a D chord shape, then a C shape and so on. This also works going down the fretboard. If you are playing a F# in a G chord pattern, the next pattern going down the fretboard would be an A pattern, then a C shape, and then a D shape, and so on.
Check out this blog for any more help or clarity with the CAGED system here.
For a visual aid on the CAGED method, check out this video.
We can continue on like we did previously in a continuous circle of our fifth notes of each new scale until we find all the major scales. So we started at C Major, went to G Major which had one sharp, then to D Major which had two sharps, A Major, which has three sharps, and so on. Write out all the notes of each of these major scales on a sheet of paper and keep them in front of you to determine a song’s key, or to know which notes to use within each key. Now, you can play any note on your guitar, go up two frets to find the next note in that key’s major scale, go up another two frets for the next note, then one fret, then two frets, then two frets again, then two frets again, and then one fret, and you will have just found out the major scale for that beginning note. Pretty nifty huh?
Now we will get down a little deeper into the harmonies of each note in our scale, which chords to play, and which chords were used in pretty much every old rock and roll song. We can place a number value on each our C Major scales’ notes and learn another new formula that shows each notes’ harmony. We will start at C and call it 1, number the next note D as a 2, E as a 3 and so on, from 1 to 8. This is another formula you can just take at face value, memorize, and then apply. Here is the formula and then I will explain after: 1-Major, 2-minor, 3-minor, 4-Major, 5-Major, 6-minor, 7-diminished, 8-Major. Taking our new numbered valued system where 1 is C, 2 are D, 3 is E, 4 is F, and so on, we apply our previous formula to each of those notes. Once applied, we now know the notes in the scales’ harmonies by playing the specified chords. This would mean that the chords for the key of C would be as follows: 1-C Major, 2-D minor, 3-E minor, 4-F Major, 5-G Major, 6-A minor, 7-B diminished, and 8-C Major again.
In old rock and roll, the first, fourth, and fifth chords where used as a main chord progression. So play these three major chords in any key, and you will have a basic progression. The 5th chord is known as the “turn around chord” that brings you back to your first chord, or a different chord to lead into another verse, chorus, or bridge. Many old love songs included the 6th chord, known as the relative minor chord into the mix as well. Now this becomes a numbers game. You write out your major scales as we learned before, apply the number value and major and minor chords accordingly, and then mess around with those chords to come up with your own progression.
Let’s pick right back up where we left off. With every major key, there is a certain pattern that is followed in terms of half and whole steps. Taking a look at a C Major scale—we will start with this key because it has no sharps or flats to confuse one with—we can see how many half and whole steps there are in between each note. Starting at one C and going up C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C by applying this simple formula that every aspiring musician should memorize, we can tell how many half and whole tones are in this scale, and therefore knowing how many frets between each note so one can play the scale effortlessly. Here is our “magic formula”—it may not make much sense at first, but will come in handy later—W W H W W W H.
What this means in plain English is whole step, whole step, half step, whole step, whole step, whole step, half step. What this means in even plainer English is that in the C major scale, the intervals between each note is as follows: between C and D there is a whole step, (because there is a C# or Db between them), between D and E there is a whole step, (because of the D# or Eb between them), between E and F there is only a half step, (because there is no such thing as an E# or Fb; notice on a piano how there seems to be a black key missing), between F and G there is a whole step, and so on and so forth.
CDEFGABC
WWHWWWH
Now when you see any major scale, you can know that if you start at the root or tonic note (if it’s an E major scale the tonic note would be E), there are two whole steps, then a half step, three more whole steps, and then a final half step. How does this help us now? Using something called “the circle of fifths” we can find out every major key and the notes that are in it.
Starting again with C Major, there are no sharps or flats, so it would be from one C to the next knowing the intervals between each note. Now, we go to the fifth note in our C Major scale, which is G. Now we write out G-A-B-C-D-E-F-G and we can see that it follows our previous W-W-H-W-W-W-H formula except at one point. We need to have a whole step between E and F, and a half step between F and G. The rest of the scale is in line with the formula. So to do this, the simplest way of remembering this is when we find the fifth note of C (which is G), and then write out that note’s scale, we put a sharp (#) on the second last (or seventh note), which is the F. This would fix our problem by making the interval between E and the new F# a whole step, and the interval between F# and G a half step.
From there, we keep following our previous step, by taking the fifth note of our newly created G Major scale—which is a D—and writing out the letters from D to D again, but this time, we keep our F# from our previous scale. So the D Major Scale looks like this: D-E-F#-G-A-B-C#-D. Notice how the second last note—the C—is sharpened to fix our problem we had before, and the F is still sharp. Now we go on again. Try it yourself, take the fifth note of the newly made D Major scale (hint: A), write from A to A, keeping our F# and C# as before, and sharpening the second last note (it’s going to be the G this time.) Next lesson will deal further with our “circle of fifths” and I will show you which chords you can play in each key to start your own chord progressions—the base of every song.
Honestly, who doesn’t want to be able to melt faces off a 30,000 person crowd with a 10 minute solo so deadly it will make the first nine rows of the stadium cower in terror from the awesome shred? I know I do. I also have this burning desire to express my musical majesty with the world, but I just never knew the proper way how.
I played the guitar for a couple years now, taking some basic lessons getting me started in the right direction, even learning how to play most of my favorite songs on the radio. The thing was, I was mostly just fiddling around here and there without getting down to some serious business with my guitar playing. After breaking my wrist in a freak tragic snowboarding incident, I stopped taking lessons, although I still played guitar once my wrist healed. Over the past 3 or so years, I casually played, jammed a bit with some friends and continued on my wayward path.
I just recently became frustrated with my lack of own personal discipline with my guitar playing and went back to get some more lessons. I wanted to make sure I wasn’t doing anything wrong, that my technique was right, and just someone to push me to that next level my guitar playing. I went in and asked him to start right off with the very basics. Something I could learn right away so I could immediately go home and start writing some of my own songs. I told my teacher I was especially interested in song writing and composing. This is the first thing he sat down and wrote on my paper, “The Musical Alphabet and Its Spacing.”
Some of you might groan at the thought of something so basic or so boring, or you just might groan because it has to do with simple theory. Ew, not theory, that’s like the fruitcake your Aunt gives you every Christmas of music right? She says you need to have it, but you never want it. Here are the facts, theory may seem boring and hard, but it is vital in creating music, and can be quite fun when understood. I am just going to scratch the surface on basic theory that will help you get up and running immediately with writing music. Theory gets so ridiculously deep, and there are many websites out there I will refer you to if you are interested in diving any deeper into this vast ocean known as theory.
Anyways, on with this musical alphabet business. First, we must understand the term “musical interval.” A musical interval is essentially the difference of pitch between two notes. This interval is defined in two things; tones and semi-tones. A tone is also called a whole step, and actually equals 2 frets on the guitar. A semi-tone (or half step) is equal to 1 fret on the guitar. It’s vital for a new guitarist to learn most, if not all the note names on the low E and A strings (top two strings). This is because from those notes you can develop pretty much every major chord. (There is a great free program that can help you with memorizing the notes on your fretboard called Fretboard Warrior, you can download it here.) Go up the fretboard on your low E string fret by fret, and notice the difference between the spacing of one fret and two frets. Every single time you move up a fret, you are going up a semi-tone, and every time you move two frets up, you go up a whole tone. In the next lesson we will take our newfound knowledge and apply it to the C Major scale— the starting point in our musical journey. Looking forward to seeing you soon.
